Import

Directory Tree

$ tree importtests
importtests
├── common
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── aaa.py
└── function
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── bbb.py
    └── ccc.py

Import

Import bbb in ccc.py

Import Description Python 2.x Python 3.x
import bbb Implicit Relative Imports Deprecation Removed
from . import bbb Explicit Relative Imports Acceptable Acceptable
from functon import bbb Absolute Imports Recommended Recommended

  • Implicit Relative Imports Removed In Python 3.x

    • bbb.py

      $ cat common/bbb.py
def say_hi():
    print 'Python Cook Book'

    • ccc.py

      $ cat common/ccc.py
import bbb

bbb.say_hi()

    • Python 2.x

      $ python
Python 2.7.8 (default, Dec 11 2015, 13:09:06)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 5.1 (clang-503.0.40)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import importtests.function.ccc
Hello Python

    • Python 3.x

      $ python
Python 3.4.1 (default, Dec 11 2015, 12:11:12)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 5.1 (clang-503.0.40)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import importtests.function.ccc
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Users/fuwenlan/Brightcells/importtests/function/ccc.py", line 4, in <module>
    import bbb
ImportError: No module named 'bbb'

References

[1] PEPS@Python Developer's Guide, PEP 8 -- Style Guide for Python Code — Imports

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